Compound brake for cars.



v PATENTED DEC. 11, 1906 W. D. BALDWIN & A. SUNDH.

COMPOUND BRAKE FOR CARS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.7.'1905.

a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTQRS' ATTORNEYS PATBNTED DEC. 11, 1906 3 BHEETS-SHEE 1..

W D BALDWIN & A SUNDII COMPOUND BRAKE FOR CARS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 7 1905 WITNESSES:

fin. 838,160: PATENTED DEC. 11, 1906. W. D. BALDWIN & A. SUNDH.

COMPOUND BRAKE FOR CARS. @PPLICATION rI'LEn MAR'.7.1905.

s SHEETS-SHEET a.

' tion.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

'ILLIAM D. BALDWIN, OF XEW YORK, AND AUGUST SUNDH, OF

YOXKERS. NEW YORK.

COMPOUND BRAKE FOR CARS- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 11, 1906.

Application filetl March 7,1905. Serial No. 248,873.

To a]? 14:71 am, if puny concern..-

Be it known that we, \YILLIAM D. BALD- WIN, resldmg 1n the city of h ew 1 ork, county of New York, and AUGUST SL'XDH, residing in Yonkers, county of \Yestchester, State of New York, citizens of. the United, States, have invented a Compound Brake for Cars, of which the following is a specification.

' Our invention relates to brakes for cars,

. ranged to and particularly to brakes for cars electrically operated.

Our invention has for its object the provision of a brake for cars so constructed and arranged that it may be both manually and electrically operated from substantially the same point.

One of the advantages of our invention is that if the current should be interrupted to 5 the electrical means for applying the brake for instance, by the shoe on the third rail of v an electrical railway not making contact or jumpingsaid third railthe manual means is at once operative to effectually apply the brake.

Our invention comprises manual and electricalnieans for applying a brake to a car operatedfrom substantially the same point and further electrical nxeans operative from the rotor acting as a dynamo and coming into action after the first-named electrical means or manual means, or both, have operated.

Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like characters of reference indicate like parts, and in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of a railway-car with certain parts broken away and other parts in section to show the application of our invention to the bottom part of the carbody. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the lower part of the car, showing our invention attached thereto. Fig. 3 represents a portion cut away from Fig. l and shows a modiliczu Fig. 3 is a detail view of the same. Fig. 4 is a diagrainicatic view showing a system of wiring applicable to an clc -tricallydriven car and to,thc clw-trical ncans for opcrating our brake. Figs. 5, (i. and T are onlargcd virus of details hereinafter described.

cierring t Figs. l and l. the rel'm-cnccnumber H) designates a railway-car, and 1] its \\'l1eels,.onc of which is "fitted with an elec tron-agnctic (iuUll 2), described hereinafter. The rails ovcr which the car is adapted to run are designated by the number 12. is the the axle 14.

electric motor, shown connected to'the axle 13 by suitable gearing 15. Two of the carwheels 11 11 are rigidly secured to this axle, while the other two are similarly secured to 99 designates a conduit for carrying the wires. The electric motor 30'is arbe connected to and disconnected from, a suitable source of electrical sup 1y through a controller 40 or 40. (Shown (liagrammatically in Fig. 4.) The controllers may be of any suitable ty e and so, also,the wiring for the same. In ig. 4 simple controllers and wiring for controlling the motor are shown; but we will not describe these in detail, as they specificallyform no part of our invention. A brief description, however, is thought to be necessary 1n order to make clear the application of our invention thereto.

Referring now to Fig. 4, wherein 12 represents aportion of the third "rail and on which is adapted to slide the shoe 16, a wire 17 lcadstrom shoe 16 to the shunt field 32-01 the motor. The motor is herein shown shuntwound for the sake of simplicity. Connected to the shunt iield are the wires 18 and is, leading to the controllers 40 and 40, respectively. Conne ted to the wire 18 at the mint 2'2" is a wire 19, grounded on the rails, as indicated at 12". Thus a complete circuit is maintained through the shunt field 3'2 so long as the shoe H5 is on the third rail 12'.

' brushes 21 and 2], which through the wires I. and 2'. are connected, res ectively, to the wircs '24 24 and .23 i3, leat ing to the controllcrs 40 and 40. Also connected to the controllcrs 4H and it) by the wires 27, .28, '27, and 28 are shmvn the double knife-switches l9 and '29. that at the left being shown closcd and that at the right open. The swiiclu-s. l9 and 29' are connected with each other by the wires 25 25' and 26 26, one switch bcing )laccd at one end of the car and ihc other at t l(' other end of the car near the cont rollers 40 and 40. rcspcctively. as shown in Fig. l.

The controllers cach comprisca series of fixed fingers or wipcrs adapted to make elec- Hi: all contact with metallic strips shown mountcd on an insulating-drum which is con snownmade of insulation and as having the strips 34,135, 36, 37, 3,'and .39 mounted thereonv Bearingon3 if35, 3t; and 37,112- .spectively, are the fixed'iingers 4 ,6, 6, and 7, Also bearing on the strips- 34 and 37, at't'he central-extensions thereof ,=are the stationary fingers 8 and 9.- The strip 35 is electricallyv connected to the stripBQ-and the strip 36is electrically.,con11ected .to the strip 39, as The strips shown by the White dotted lines.

36 andthe-exftenslon of the "strip 37 are circumferentially inline with each other and with the fingers-9- and 6. The strips 39 35-.

and theextension of the strip 34am arranged 1n a similar manner 'Wltll relation to the tingets 8 and5. shown in Fig. 4, the motor 38, a circuit Will be closed through the motor from-the third rail 12 to and through the shoe 16,'Wires 17 41 42, finger 6, strips 36 and 39, finger 8, Wires 43 22, brush 21, armature 31, brush 21, Wires 22 and 2-4, finger 9, strips 38 and 35, finger 5, wires 18 and 19, to the rails, which are connected to the negative terminal of the -source of supply, the positive terminal being connected to the third rail. plete circuit through the motor is thus established to revolve the same and propel the car in a certain direction; controller-handle counten-clockwise, so that contacts'8 and 9 make direct cont-act with the strips and 36,.respectiVely, it is obvious that the circuit through the motor Will be reversed to revolve the same, and consequently move the car in a reverse direction; The controller as shown is therefore in reality only a reverser as thusfar described.

The mechanical brake-rigging WillnoWbe described. Mounted on the truck at the bot tom of the car-bodyis a double cross-piece 14, at substantially the central point of which is pivoted at the double brake-lever 46, having the arms 52 and 53. To said arms at 54 and 55 are pivotedthe rods {17 and 47, re spectively. These rods are suit ably ccn nected at 51 and 5] to the brake-beams 48 and 48, respectively. These brake-beams are suitably pivoted at 56 to the cross-beai-ns 57 and 57, which are also fixed to the truck. The brake-sl1oes 49 are mounted on the ends of the brake-beams 4S and 18 and are normally held away from the peripheries of the wheelsll in any suitablemanner. At each end of the car is mounted the brakecontrplling means comprising a handle L53, adapted to be connected to the stall (31, con- A coin- Upon moving the seen so st ructed to rotate theifixedbearlngs-"fii, lit-igidly con'nectedto :the' l0W1' 61ldof staff 64 isa smaildrurn 62 01762310 is fastened-at 66 a chain 61hr 61, connectedto the tie-rod M60. 'jThe brake-controlling means'are alike at"' both ends of the car, so

that an operation of eitherprboth effectually set the brake-shoes :49.

Suitably secured, as by means of a clevis, to one-end oi the brake-lever 46 at 68 are two chains '67- 67-, fa'stenedat. their other ends to The ti'e-rods 6Q and 60; are pivoted at the .points 72 and 73 to the arms 52'and 53 of the brake-lever 46.1

the pulley 69 at-the right-hand side thereof, as

viewed in Fig; 2.' This,pulley'69visrotatably mounted on the car-axle 14- and is rigidlysecured to or made integral with the magnetic member or pole-piece 70 of-the magnetic clutch 20. The other magnetic. member .of

has anannularin'clined Wearing-surface 76,

Which'is adapt-ed to make ftiction'aLengage- .ment With'the corresponding circumferential inclined surface 77 of the member 70.

The details of the magnetic. clutch are shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The magnetic 1116111?" her 7 O is mounted looselyv on the axle 14 and This member 71 serves as and has a-small longitudinal movement thereon,

which is limited in one direction by the collar 82an'd in the other direction by the member 7 1, fixed to' the axle 14. The magnetic memberTOis splitdiametrically amthe halves secured togetherby the bolts 81 and S1. The member 71 is similarly constructed. Embedded in the member 70 are two coils 7i and 7 =1", one in eachhalf, the twocoils being connected in series to wires 18 and 75, as shown diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 4 and in detail in Fig. 6.

It is to be observed that one terminal of these coils isconnected to the rails over which the car travels-that is, the coil 74 is connected 7 to the ground 12 through wires 18 a nd 19.

The peripheral portion of the member 70 is provided with a magnetic ring ot good ear mg material. Arranged to bear on sa-izi ,rings are the graphite brushes 7S 78,l cpt continuously in contact with the ring S0 by means of the springs 79 79. These brushes keep the perpheral'snriace 77 oi' the ring 80 lubricateu, thus preventing cutting between this ring one the. memlmr 71. The ring 30 can be easily removed and replaced, however. Securely mounted on the stall 6- is a hub S3 a bevel-gear Si, \Yhich'mcslws with another bevel-gees S5, herein shown as placer: at right angles thereto. To the gear as is secured a metallic armpo. auapteu to male: clcetiicai contact with the segment 57 and contacts 59 when the make-handle U3 is reand the segment 87 is extended to correspond therewith, so that after all the resistance 88 is cut out, as hereinafter explained,

, the brake-handle 63 can be moved farther to hold the brake applied without breaking the circuit to the magnetic clutch.

Mounted in a frame 93 on the lower part of the car-body between the wheels on the side opposite to that of the magnetic clutch 20 and so as to be adjacent the mechanical brake-rigging is a solenoid 95. This solenoid is provided with a fixed core 94, projecting a short distance into the solenoid, as shown in Fig. 1, and also with a movable core 92,-w hich is pivoted at 91 to -a link 90. This link 90 is pivoted at 89 to the arm 52 of the brake-lever 46. The solenoid 95 is connected by wires 96 and 97 with the wires 25 25 and 26 26, as shown in Fig. 4.

The operation of the invention will now be fully described. Let it be assumed that the current from the motor has been turned off and that the car is running by reason of its momentum and it is desired to bring the car to agradual and quick stop. :The circuits and connections will then be as indicated in Fig. 4. The relation between theyariable rheostat 98' and the -mechanic al means for actuating one of the brakes is such that the arm 86 makes electrical connection between the segment 87 and the contacts 89 before the brake-shoes 49 are manually applied to the wheels 11. Therefore arter the current has been turned off train the motor and the handle 63 has been turnen in a clockwise direction a circuit is closed by the arm 86 from the third rail 12 to anu through the wires 17 and 99, segment 8?, sum arm 86, 1

ment more oi the resistance 88 is cut out,-'

and hence more current is aumitted to the (JUllSGI the clutch. As the current is thus gradually admitted, the magnetization ol the magnetic clutch increases until the attraction between member s 70 and 71 ,ano consequently the lrictional engagement between the surfaces Wand 76,'is'at a maximum, when all the resistance 88 is cut out. The electromagnetic clutch 20 is therel'o're in re lity- The last an electromechanical brake electrically artnated and controlled bv the rheostat. 'lhe chains 67 being connected to the pulley 09, i

one of them will be drawn so as to move the arm 53 toward the right, the pulling force on the chain being increased as the magnetization of the clutch increases. As the lever' 46 is rocked on the pivot 45 the brake-shoes 49 will be applied through the rods 47 ,and 4:7 with increasing force. The magnetic clutch can be operated from eitlnr end of the-car! the rheostats being connected in parallel.

As soon as the controller was placed in the position shown in Fig. 4 the coil 95 was connected in series with the brushes of theme,- tor. The motor-armature continuing to revolve while the car is. moving by its own momentum through the gearing will cause current to be generated, which current passes through the coil 95. The circuit through the coil 95 may be traced from 'the'brush 21. to and through the wire 24, finger 9, strip 37,-

finger 7, wire 27, one blade'ctswitch'29, wire 25, coil 95, wire 26, the other blade of switch 29, wire 28, finger 4, strip 34, finger 8, wires 23 and 22', and brush 21', back to the armature. The motor thus acting as a dynamo will m combination with the circuit just traced act as a dynamic brake and to energizesaid'coil but this coil 95 is so con- *structe'df1- that it will not have sufficient strength to operate the brake-rigging to efi'ectuallyapply the shoes 49 while the core 92 is in a certain predetermined position, but as the brakes-shoes are applied through the magnetic clutch the core 92 is move 'trther into the field of the coil 95.: After a certain movementof this core the coil actsto effectively assist in applying the brake-shoes and hold the same in place.- As the car slows down, however, the current through this coil is gradually reduced to zero when the car has conic to a stop, the current through the magnetic clutch continuing until the handle 63 is .moveu to its initial position.

Fig. 3 represents a modification of our invent on in which the electromagnetic brake may be applied manually bythe operation of the same handle from which the brakeshoes are manually applied. To accomplish this result, we secure to the pulley 69 a circumferentially-grooved collar, the groove being designated by the reference-nu.mber' 103. Pivotally mounted on the truck at point 101 is a bell-crank lever having one of its arms 104 forked and provided with inwardly-projcc'tii1g lugs 109, which fit loosely in the groove. 108. A detailed view of the forked arm is shown in. Fig. 3; The other arm 105 of the lever is provided near its end with a longitudinally-exiending slot 107, through which passes the rod 00. ()n this rod at 108 is a collar nornntlly rigid with the rod 60", but adapted to be loosened and moved along the some to adjust the tension of the long spring 106. his spring is placed on the rod 00 between the :irm I05 and the lixed collar lOS and is so adjusted that normally it exerts no pressure whatever to move the arm 105 toward the right, and consequently the clutch member 70-. .l fnen the; handle 63 is operated; however, to close the circuitto the electro magnetic clutch and to jlncr'ease the current-strength therein,

chain 61 is Wound on the drnin62 and the rod 60;Wi'th its collar 108,.is pulledtoward the right operation may act 'to throw the magnetic membersjo'f the clutch into closer and; more 'efiective relation with each other orit may place the parts in such position; that upon further movement the brake-lever after the clutch has been fully energized the clutch-brake may be held in brakingposition or the effect thereof in- 1 creased: It is therefore seen from the fore-j going that should the magnetic clutch become moperatiye-as, for instance, by reason of lack of current in its coils iromsonie cause the brake can be applied mechanic ally .by' the same handle that operates the rheostat which controls the magnetic clutch. Furthermore, the. braking effect is'incre-ased by the operation of the core 92 andparts conthe car,-

nected therewith, depending on the speed of fIt is-obvious that in going upgrade the *coil 9'51could not be used alone to hold the car after stopping-and for the same reason would not hold the car on an upgrade should thegmagnetic clutch used alone or therewith the current-supply be cut off from the coils of the magnetic clutch. On a downgrade the; dynamic brake and coil 95 With its movable core would be operativeto keep the car from going at a. dangerous speed; but its cir- 1 cui-t-may become deranged and on any grade or on a level the electrical braking means- ;may become inoperative due to 'aderangement "of circuits or lack of current. We

therefore provide a means for operating either one or both of the aforementionedmagnetic clutchoperates properly very little power ls'necessary to manually operate the handle 63that is, only suihcient power to operate the rheostat and keep the chain 61 taut is required to set or apply IliG brakes.

- -After the brakes are applied the handle in such position that should the electromechanical brake give way the brakes directly applied'to the GH-l'e'WllQElS may be kept set or again brought into effective operation manually by a small further movemcnt of this handle, or at any time by means of the brakeshandle both brakes may be controlled and the brake which is mechanicallv applied vheld set or its action increased independently of the electrical means for operating the magnetic clutch.

lYe have herein disclosed one form with a modification of our invention; but We do not Wish to be limited thereto, various changes may be niade-in-the details. of construction: and arrangement or parts Without departing means for assisting in the operation of saidactuatmg means, and means connected to said actuating means and controlled by said electroreceptive device for holding said brake applied or' increasing the action thereof independently of saidmanual means.

2. The comb nation with an electrodyn'amic brake comprising a motor-armaturefof an electroresponsive device in-circuit=there with, an additional brake, actuating means forapplying said additional brake, electro-f magnetic apparatus for operating said actuating means, manual means for assisting in the operation of said actuating means, and

mechanism comiectingsaid actuating means and electroresponsiv'e device, the aforesaid parts being so constructed and arranged that after the manual application of said additional brake said electror'esponsive device shall hold the same'applied or increase the action thereof.

3. The combination with a motor connected to operate as a momentum-driven generator, of an (electro-receptive device in circuit therewith, a brake, electromechanical means for applying said brake, and means controlled by said electroreceptive device and connected to said electromechanical means for holding the brake applied or increasing the action thereof.

4. The combination with a brake, of actuating means for applying the same, electric nieans for operating said actuating means, an elcctrodynainic brake, an electroresponsive device in circuit therewith and connected to, said actuating'nieans for holding the first-named brake applied or increasing the action thereof independently of said electric means. c

5. The combination with a motor connected to operate as a momentum-driven generatcr, of an electror esponsi-ve device in circuit therewith, a brake, mechanical actuating neans for applying said brake/an additional brake. electric 11198115 for applying said. additional brake and connected to operate said actuating means, means for controlling said electric lreans, mechanical "means for operating said actuating means to hold the first-named brake applied or-increasing the action thereof, a handle for operating said controlling means and saidnniechanical oper-.

the aforesaid'mechanism connected to and brake applied or increase the action thereof.

ating means, and .means connecting said electrores onsive device andactuating means to alsoho said first-named brakea'pplied 6. The combination with a motor connect;

' ed to operate as a momentum-driven genertromagneti'c 'means for" applying the same,

an additional brake, and mechanism for. ap plying the same, connections between such mechanism and a device driven b the-electromagnetic brake 'for also applying-- said first-named brake, a manual'device connect ed to the aforesaid mechanism and also con trolling the, circuitof ,-.the electromagnetic means, and an electrodynamic brake.

8. The combination with a clutch-brake, ofelectromagnetic means for applying the same, means for lubricating said brake, a manual device carrying.v a circuit-closer for controlling the electromagnetic means; anadditional brake, mechanism for applyingthe same and independent connections' between said mechanism for applying the additional brake and the marina device and also from driven by the electromagnetic means. I g 9. The combination with a vehicle and-a brake therefor -'of'a movable arm connected to'the said'bra'l ie' for applying it, and connections between such movable arm and three independent actuating lliiLDS, namely, amanual means, a means driven by the move ment of the vehicle, and an 'electrorespon- 'sive device in the circuit of an electrodynamic brake.

10. The combination with a' vehicle and a brake therefor, of amovable brakenrmfor, applying saidbrake-,-, and connections between such movable arm and three inde-' pendent actuatlng means, namely; a man ual means, a magnetic clutch connected with the circuit of an electrodynai'nic' brake;

11. The combinationwith motoriyof' an .electromagnetin a normally 0 en, circuit with the motor-armature, a bra re, electro mechanical means for app] ing said brake, a connection between said' electro-magnet and said electromechanical means, and anelectric switchfor cutting ofi the current-supply said mechanical (brake,

from the motor-armature and. closing the same upon itself thrqughsai -'electrom'agnet. 2; The combination witha brakmof ac tuating devices for applying the same, elec tric apparatus for operating said actuating an electrodynamic nected to actfon'said actua'ting'means to hold said first-named brake applied or increasing the efiect thereof independently of'said elec-. trici apparatus.

13. The combination with a motor, of an ising asolenoid and a electromagnet compzr I mo'vable core, a bra e,-mechan1cal actuating W brake, an electro. vmagnetic device in cirou'itthrewith and conmeans for applying the brake, an electromagnetic clutch-brake, connections between-said clutch-brake and ;said actuating means, a rheostatfor controlling saidclutch, a handle for operatingsaid rheostat, connections be tween said-handle and said. mechanical. actu-' ating means, and circuits and connections including the usual car-controller for connecting the armature in a local circuit through said electromagnet.

- 14. The combination with a motor, of

' electromagnetic apparatus connected thereto,

a mechanical brake, manual means, for ap-v plying said brake, electrical means for app'lying said brake, and connections between said mechanical brake andsaid electromagneticapparatus to permit the latter to hold said 15. The combination -witha motor connected to operate. as a momentum-driven generator, f electromagnetic apparatus con} nected thereto, a' mechanical brake, an elec trical brake, ineansjcoaetmgwith said electrical brake" for, applying said 'mechanical ,hrak'e, a controlling device for said'electricai trical brake,

In "witness whereof i'w'e have hereunto signedjournamesin the presence of two subscribingwitnesses;

WILLIAM, B. BALDWIN. AUGUST SUNDH.

VZitnes'ses Cnanrns M. N1ssnx', T1108. M. LOGAN 

